The manipulation of two dimensional elevation maps is an important part of digital cartography. In many situations, these maps are computed by interpolating sparse data such as isolated elevation points obtained from stereo matching.
FASTUS is a system for extracting information from free text in English, and potentially other languages as well, for entry into a database, and potentially for other applications. It works essentially as a cascaded, non-deterministic finite state automaton.
When two people talk, they focus their attention on only a small portion of what each of them knows or believes. Both what is said and how it is interpreted depend on a shared understanding of this narrowing of attention to a small highlighted portion of what is known.
This paper examines focusing in dialog, discusses focusing mechanisms based on domain structure clues, and, from this perspective, indicates future research problems entailed in modeling the focusing process more generally.
Stuart M. Shieber, Susan U. Stucky, Hans Uszkoreit, & Jane J. Robinson
Metagrammatical formalisms that combine context-free phrase structure rules and metarules (MPS grammars) allow concise statement of generalizations about the syntax of natural languages.
Although the concept of knowledge plays a central role in artificial intelligence, the theoretical foundations of knowledge representation currently rest on a very limited conception of what it means for a machine to know a proposition.
This paper addresses the problems of: (1) representing natural shapes such as mountains, trees, and clouds, and (2) computing their description from image data. To solve these problems, we must be able to relate natural surfaces to their images; this requires a good model of natural surface shapes.
John Dowding, Jean Mark Gawron, Douglas E. Appelt, John Bear, Lynn Cherny, Robert C. Moore, & Douglas Moran
Gemini is a natural language understanding system developed for spoken language applications. The paper describes the architecture of Gemini, paying particular attention to resolving the tension between robustness and overgeneration.
