Prateeth Nayak, David Zhang and Sek Chai, “Bit Efficient Quantization for Deep Neural Networks,” in 2019 Fifth Workshop on Energy Efficient Machine Learning and Cognitive Computing – NeurIPS Edition (EMC2-NIPS), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2019 pp. 52-56. doi: 10.1109/EMC2-NIPS53020.2019.00020
Abstract
Quantization for deep neural networks have afforded models for edge devices that use less on-board memory and enable efficient low-power inference. In this paper, we present a comparison of model-parameter driven quantization approaches that can achieve as low as 3-bit precision without affecting accuracy. The post-training quantization approaches are data-free, and the resulting weight values are closely tied to the dataset distribution on which the model has converged to optimality. We show quantization results for a number of state-of-art deep neural networks (DNN) using large dataset like ImageNet. To better analyze quantization results, we describe the overall range and local sparsity of values afforded through various quantization schemes. We show the methods to lower bit-precision beyond quantization limits with object class clustering.
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