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Biomedical sciences publications January 1, 2010

Trypanosoma Cruzi-Induced Activation of Functionally Distinct Alpha Beta and Gamma Delta CD4(-) CD8(-) T Cells in Individuals with Polar Forms of Chagas’ Disease

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Villani, F. N. A., da Costa Rocha, M. O., Nunes, M. D. C. P., Antonelli, L. R. D. V., Magalhaes, L. M. D., dos Santos, J. S. C., … & Dutra, W. O. (2010). Trypanosoma cruzi-Induced Activation of Functionally Distinct αβ and γδ CD4− CD8− T Cells in Individuals with Polar Forms of Chagas’ Disease. Infection and immunity, 78(10), 4421-4430.

Abstract

CD4− CD8− (double-negative [DN]) T cells have recently been shown to display important immunological functions in human diseases. They express γδ or αβ T-cell receptors that recognize lipid/glycolipid antigens presented via the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex molecules of the CD1 family. We recently demonstrated that while αβ DN T cells serve primarily to express inflammatory cytokines, γδ DN T cells express mainly interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. We also demonstrated a correlation between DN T cells and the expression of gamma interferon in the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi experimental infection. In this work, we sought to investigate whether αβ or γδ DN T cells display distinct immunoregulatory potentials in patients with polar forms of human Chagas’ disease. Our data showed that in vitro infection with T. cruzi leads to expansion of DN T cells in patients with the indeterminate and severe cardiac clinical forms of the disease. However, while αβ DN T cells primarily produce inflammatory cytokines in both forms of the disease, γδ DN T cells display a marked, significant increase in antigen-specific IL-10 expression in indeterminate patients relative to cardiac patients. Finally, higher frequencies of the IL-10-producing γδ DN T cells were correlated with improved clinical measures of cardiac function in the patients, suggesting a protective role for these cells in Chagas’ disease. Taken together, these data show distinct functional characteristics for αβ and γδ DN T cells associated with distinct morbidity rates and clinical forms in human Chagas’ disease.

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