Classification-Based Strategies for Combining Multiple 5-W Question Answering Systems

Abstract

We describe and analyze inference strategies for combining outputs from multiple question answering systems each of which was developed independently. Specifically, we address the DARPA-funded GALE information distillation Year 3 task of finding answers to the 5-Wh questions (who, what, when, where, and why) for each given sentence. The approach we take revolves around determining the best system using discriminative learning. In particular, we train support vector machines with a set of novel features that encode systems’ capabilities of returning as many correct answers as possible. We analyze two combination strategies: one combines multiple systems at the granularity of sentences, and the other at the granularity of individual fields. Our experimental results indicate that the pro- posed features and combination strategies were able to improve the overall performance by 22% to 36% relative to a random selection, 16% to 35% relative to a majority voting scheme, and 15% to 23% relative to the best individual system.

 Index Terms: Question answering, Systems for spoken lan- guage understanding