SRI International
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Sampling Exactly from the Normal Distribution
An algorithm for sampling exactly from the normal distribution is given. The algorithm reads some number of uniformly distributed random digits in a given base and generates an initial portion of the representation of a normal deviate in the same base.
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Lessons Learned From Early Implementations of Adaptive Courseware
To address the urgent need to improve student outcomes in developmental and general education courses, higher education institutions are turning to new learning technologies.
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Measuring Student Learning about Computing
President Obama’s recent initiative, Computer Science for All (CS4All), emphasizes the need to teach computer science (CS) as part of the regular K-12 curriculum. An important part of teaching is measuring learning. For example, teachers need to measure learning so that they can better help students learn. Likewise, students and parents want schools to document what students…
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Summary of research on the association between state interventions in chronically low-performing schools and student achievement
This report presents a summary of research on the associations between state interventions in chronically low-performing schools and student achievement.
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Identity: The Critical Security Factor
There are many factors that impact the effectiveness of security programs, ranging from camera selection and placement, to the password strength policy and even the reliability of power systems. But, perhaps the single most critical factor for security is one that cuts across many aspects of its implementation: the concept of identity. Many aspects of…
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Balancing Widespread Use and Positive Learning Impacts of Educational Technology
Today, technology developers can get their innovations into the hands of many users quickly, giving them the opportunity to gather user feedback they can use for product improvement. Educational technology product design is no exception, as illustrated by the Khan Academy, which grew from a few YouTube videos to a million users in less than…
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AlGaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes
In this paper, the current status of UV lasers and laser diodes (LDs) based on group III-nitrides is reviewed.
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Teacher Professional Development Can Make a Positive Impact on Students’ Writing Skills
Effective communication skills are crucial for students as they prepare for college, careers and civic engagement. Acknowledging the importance of writing, states across the nation have adopted new standards to advance students’ writing skills; however, most students are not experiencing instruction that aligns with those standards. Because the new standards require a new way of…
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High-Impact Innovation in Government is Within Reach
For decades, governments have been concerned with the capacity of their residents and institutions to pursue science- and technology-based innovation widely accepted as the foundation of sustainable economic growth. Only recently have public entities begun to focus on the importance of innovation in how they carry out their own public missions. Recognizing the need to…
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Locus Coeruleus and Tuberomammillary Nuclei Ablations Attenuate Hypocretin/Orexin Antagonist-Mediated REM Sleep
Hypocretin 1 and 2 (Hcrts; also known as orexin A and B), excitatory neuropeptides synthesized in cells located in the tuberal hypothalamus, play a central role in the control of arousal.
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The Dual Hypocretin Receptor Antagonist Almorexant is Permissive for Activation of Wake-Promoting Systems
The dual hypocretin receptor (HcrtR) antagonist almorexant (ALM) may promote sleep through selective disfacilitation of wake-promoting systems, whereas benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BzRAs) such as zolpidem (ZOL) induce sleep through general inhibition of neural activity.
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Hypocretin/orexin Antagonism Enhances Sleep-Related Adenosine and GABA Neurotransmission in Rat Basal Forebrain
We hypothesized that HCRT antagonists induce sleep, in part, through disfacilitation of BF neurons; consequently, ALM should have reduced efficacy in BF-lesioned (BFx) animals.